What Is SEO? A Beginner’s Guide To Search Engine Optimization

Are you trying to get your head around SEO?

For most people, the dreaded three-letter acronym ‘SEO’ is something to avoid at all costs.

But when you break it down, it’s not so bad. For instance, when youcreate and maintaina website thatsearch engines and usersfind friendly, you can expect to benefit from:

• More relevant traffic to your site as you answer people’s search queries.
• Higher ranking in search results as you produce better content.
• Increased visibility and credibility as people come to know, like, and trust your brand.

This beginner-friendly guide to search engine optimization (SEO) is an in-depth, tutorial-style guide to help you create and maintain a website that search engines and users find friendly.

Let’s get started:

Chapter 1 – What is SEO?

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) covers the activities you undertake to improve your positions in organic (non-paid) search engine results. The activities fall under three main sub-categories:

• Technical SEO– Ensures search engine spiders can crawl your site and index your content.
• On-Page SEO– Focuses on the content for each webpage.
• Off-Page SEO– Focuses on the marketing efforts away from the website that will have a positive impact on search rankings.

We’ll cover these in more detail later in the guide, but one thing to remember from the beginning is that all SEO activities should be carried out with your audience in mind. Your aim should be to create and present the best possible content for people to consume. If you do that, then the search engines will also like and rank your content.

As a result, your content will earn more links and Google will send you more traffic. This is ‘perpetual growth’ in action.

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Chapter 2 – How search engines work

Search engines have three main tasks to perform:

1. Crawling and indexing the web
2. Picking the results
3. Displaying the results

2.1 – Crawling and indexing

There’s a good reason why the internet is called theworld wide web.Search enginesuse software programs called‘spiders’thatcrawl the internetlooking for every page they can find. When they discover a new page, they add the URL to theirgiant index.

But their work isn’t over.

Next, they follow all the links on the new page and add those to the index. The spiders keep on repeating the process for every page they find. And thus create one big web of interconnected pages.

The spiders keep on crawling. Because every day new pages are created, and existing pages are updated with fresh content and new links. The spiders retrieve the information and update the index.

2.2 – How search engines order results

Having built a massive index, search engines have to decide what pages they’ll show in the search results. They sort the results based on what they think is the most useful to your search query based on relevance and popularity.

Google hasover 200 ranking factorsthat determine the order of its search engine results. Nobody knows for sure how the algorithms work and which are the most important. But these factors are considered to be significant:

• Strength and relevancy of incoming links to your website
• Quality and relevancy of your content
• Engagement metrics such as CTR (click-through rate) from search results to your page and the length of time users spend on your site.
• Website loading speed and mobile usability

2.3 – How search engines display results

Over the years, the way in which search engines display their results has evolved. Originally there were only organic result listings on the search engine results page (SERP). For example, here’s what aGoogle searchlooked like inDecember 2000:

Nowadays, numerous SERP features reveal more information, sometimes without needing to click through to the webpage. Here’s an example of a search for the camera brand ‘Canon’ inMay 2020:

Google displays the organic result of the Canon website (highlighted in red) as aSitelink. But there are other types of results including anGoogle Adsadvert (green). And, on the right-hand side,Sponsored Products(blue) and aKnowledge Panel(purple).

The most popularGoogle SERP featuresare:

• Featured Snippet
• Local Pack
• Reviews
• AMP
• Sitelinks
• Videos
• Top Stories
• Images
• Twitter
• Sponsored Products
• Knowledge Panel
• Instant Answer (Answer Box)
• People Also Ask (Related Questions)
• Google Ads
• Shopping Ads (Product Listing Ads)

All these formats show Google presenting results to cater to different user preferences.

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Chapter 3 – Keyword research

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to research keywords the right way so people can find your content.

3.1 – What are keywords?

Keywords are words and phrases that describe what your content is about.

Think of them as a bridge.

On one side, you have all the pages that the search engines have indexed. On the other side, you have searchers looking for answers to their queries.

Keywords bridge the gap between the two.

The way people search is calledsearch intent. It’s important to understand the reason people are searching, so let’s take a closer look.

3.2 – Search intent

Search intent refers to the words and phrases that you type into a search box. For instance, you might be looking for some background information, or you might want to buy a product.

There arethree types of search intent:

• Navigational– when you want togostraight to a website or page; e.g.‘Canon’.
• Informational– when you want toknowthe answer to something; e.g.‘What is a DSLR camera?’
• Transactional– when you want todosomething like buy, compare or subscribe; e.g.‘Canon T6 vs Nikon D3400’.

Further reading:Check out this article for more details onsearch intent.

3.3 – Search demand curve

You may have heard of the term ‘long tail keywords‘？这个名字来源于一个图表被称为“search demand curve‘ that has the appearance of a long tail:

The search demand refers to how many times people search for a keyword per month.

• The‘head’of the curve (on the left) consists of a few keywords that have high search demand; i.e., lots of searches.
• The‘long tail’(on the right) has a vast amount of keywords that have low search demand; i.e., not many searches.

To illustrate this further, look at the search volume (or search demand) for these two keywords:

You can see that ‘Donald Trump’ has a high search volume and would be classed as a‘head’keyword, whereas ‘David Hartshorne’ has a low search volume and would be classed as a‘long tail’keyword.

It would be easy to assume that a keyword that gets a lot of searches receives a lot of traffic. But that’s not the case. Not everyone clicks on the search results they see.

For instance, compare theMonthly Search VolumeandClicksfor theseKeywords:

The search query‘Canon T6 vs Nikon D3400’has thelowestsearch demand – it’s along tail keyword. But notice how many clicks it gets:94% of peoplesearching for the keywordclick throughto the website.

3.4 Keyword research tools

To find data like the above example you need to use a keyword research tool. There are plenty of tools available to suit every budget from lightweight and budget-friendly to heavyweight and more expensive:

• SEMrush– from$99.95/month
• Ahrefs– from$99/month
• KWFinder– from$49/month
• Answer The Public–Free
• Serpstat– from$19/month

Note:You can learn more about these five tools and how to use them in ourKeyword Research Tool Guide.

3.5 – Keyword research methods

When you’re conducting your keyword research, you want to find keywords that you can rank for in the Top 10 search results for your term. When you rank on Page 1 of the SERPs (Search Engine Results Pages), you have more chance of users clicking through to your site.

There are two methods of keyword research:

• Traditional
• Competitor

Traditional keyword research toolslet you enter a ‘seed’ keyword, and then they return lots of related keywords. From there you evaluate how difficult it will be to rank for each suggestion. For example, you might enter the keyword‘herbal remedies’and see these related keywords:

Competitor-based keyword research toolsassess what keywords your competitors are already ranking for and evaluate if you could do better. For example, you have to enter the website of a competitor like ‘healthline.com’ and see what keywords they are already ranking for:

If possible, try and use both methods when researching your keywords.

Note:Learn more in ourguide to keyword researchand our roundup ofcompetitor research tools.

3.6 – Keyword difficulty

If you’re starting your website and some big brands already occupy the Top 10 search results, then it’s going to be difficult for you to outrank them.

That’s why most keyword research tools include a metric called‘keyword difficulty’to help you identify low-competition keywords that you can outrank.

For example, inKWFinder, the search term‘herbal remedies’is rated‘hard’in theirKDscore:

And looking at the top positions in the SERP, you can see successful brands like Saga, Healthline, and Wikipedia:

In that situation, it’s better to look for a related keyword with a lower difficulty rating, like‘homeopathic remedies list’:

In this example, you can see that less of the top brands occupy the SERP:

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Chapter 4 – Technical SEO

In this chapter, you’ll discover the steps you need to take to ensure search engine spiders can crawl your site and index your content.

4.1 – Indexing and crawling

Earlier we mentioned how search engines crawl the internet looking for new web pages and adding them to their giant index.

If you want the spiders to find your website then you need aRobots.txt fileand aSitemap.xml file.

ARobots.txtfiletells the spiders which parts of your site they can access. Here’s a snippet from Google’sRobots.txt file:

ASitemaphelps search engines crawl your site. It’s an XML file that lists each URL for your website along with additional information like when it was last updated and how often it usually changes:

If you use a plugin like Yoast SEO, it will generate your XML Sitemap and Robots Txt files for you.

Note:Check out our recommended SEO plugins for WordPress.

4.2 – Link management

The internet relies on links.

Withoutexternal links,there’d be no way to get from site to site. And withoutinternal links,visitors wouldn’t be able to get from page to page on your site. Internal links also help the search engines to understand your website structure.(More on that below…)

Here are a few tips to help you manage your links.

4.2.1 – Internal links

When you publish new content on your blog make sure you include links to relevant posts and pages so your visitors can read related information. Likewise, don’t forget to update existing posts and pages by adding links to your new content.

4.2.2 – External links

When you write content for your site it’s good practice to include a few external links to useful, relevant, and authoritative pages from other sites. It shows your readers that you’ve thoroughly researched a topic. Also, make sure to let the other site owners know, too. (It’s a great way to start networking and building relationships with other blog owners and influencers, as you’ll see in the Off-Page SEO section.)

4.2.3 – Broken links

Unfortunately, internal and external links don’t last forever – URLs change, content gets moved around, and sites disappear. So part of link management involvesfinding and fixing your broken links.

You can check your broken links in theGoogle Search Console. From your dashboard, head to Coverage and click on Excluded, then select 404 not found:

SEO tools that offer the ability to runtechnical auditscan also be helpful.

4.2.4 – Error 404 not found

If you haven’t had chance to fix your broken links, then users will get what’s called theFile Not Found Page – 404 Error. The 404 Error also occurs if someone mistypes a URL. For example:

If you type //www.expoele.com/aboat/

Instead of //www.expoele.com/about/

Then you’ll see this:

How a 404 error is displayed will depend on your content management system. If you’re using WordPress, it will be chosen by your theme. We’ve chosen to customize our 404 error page, giving users the ability to search our content, return to the homepage, or return to the blog.

4.2.5 – Redirects

There are two main types of redirects:

• 301– a permanent redirect
• 302– a temporary redirect

Sometimes when you update your content, it’s better to create a new page rather than make a few minor edits to the existing page. In that situation, you’ll need to use a301 redirectto tell search engines to ignore the original page and go straight to the new page.

You could use a302 redirectif you weretestingan alternative version of a page. But if you made a firm decision to go with the new page, then you’d need to convert to a301 redirect.

There aretwo ways to add 301 redirects in WordPress– you can add them manually, or you can use a plugin. Using aplugin for redirectscan have a negative performance impact, so if possible, it’s best to add redirects manually. Either way,always take a backup of your existing filesbefore making a change like this.

4.2.6 – Canonicalization

When you have two or more identical orduplicatepages on your site or external sites, you can usecanonical标签sto tell search engines which one is the master page. Basically, you’re telling search engines which version of the page you want to appear in the search results.

For example, if you publish an article on your site and then publish the same article onMedium, the platform will automatically add a canonical tag to say that the original post on your site is the one to reference.

The article “How To Use UTM Campaign Parameters To Track Your Content Promotion Success” was published on Adam’s personal blog first. And thenlater on Medium.

But in the Medium post there’s a canonical tag like this:

There is a subtle difference between acanonical标签and a301 redirect.

• If you use a‘rel-canonical’ tagfrom Page B to Page A, thensearch engineswill know that Page A is canonical, butpeoplecan visit both URLs.
• If you use a301 redirectfrom Page B to Page A, thenpeoplewill be taken to Page A automatically and never see Page B.

Note:如果你允许你的内容是银团to other websites, best practice is to ensure that the website implements a canonical tag. This is easy to do with popular SEO plugins such as Yoast & Rank Math, etc. Also, be aware that search engines sometimes do not respect canonical tags. It’s rare but worth mentioning.

4.3 – Site architecture

It’s essential to have a logically structured website so that users can navigate and find related content, and search engines can crawl and index your pages.

4.3.1 – Speed

A slow loading website can turn visitors away before they’ve even had a chance to read your content. Most users expect a site to load in 2 seconds or less, and if it doesn’t load within 3 seconds they’ll go elsewhere for their content. Plus, it’s a known fact that Google favors fast-loading sites.

You can test your website speed with Google’sPageSpeed Insightsplus you’ll also get some tips on how to improve the page speed like:

• Optimize images.
• Reduce server response time.
• Leverage browser caching.
• Minify JavaScript, CSS, and HTML.
• Enable GZIP compression.

It’s important to ensure yourweb hostprovides a fast loading website and you usespeed enhancing pluginslike W3 Total Cache or WP Rocket to make your pages load faster.

Related Reading:10+ Website Page Load Time Statistics You Need To Know.

4.3.2 – Security

Hackers love WordPress.

It’s the mostpopular blogging platform, and therefore there are plenty of sites to attack. That means you’ll need to put some security measures in place.

Depending on your web host, you may have some bases covered. Managed WordPress Hosting services like those offered by WPX Hosting have a robust level of security, plus if the worst case scenario happens and you do get hacked, they have a free malware removal service.

Check the following resources for more details on how to protect your WordPress site:

• The Best WordPress Security Plugins To Lock Down Your Blog– Blogging Wizard
• 7强大的WordPress插件&工具备份到凯p Your Data Safe– Blogging Wizard
• The Definitive Guide To WordPress Security– Cloudliving

4.3.3 – Site structure

To help Google understand what your site is about and help its spiders crawl and index your content, you should aim to have a logical structure to your site and the content that sits within it.

There are typically two schools of thought on how to approach this:

• Flat structure– The idea here is that you have your priority content as few clicks from the homepage as possible. The idea is to make it easier for Google to crawl your content.
• Silo structure– Content is grouped into logical categories and then isolated from content that sits within other categories. So, you wouldn’t link to any articles in a different category.

Silo structure can make content difficult to find so we prefer to use a flat structure.

Like this:

You can use category pages to organize your content when it makes sense. You may choose to avoid categories if you have a small site, but they can be useful if you have enough content.

But, the main consideration is that your content is internally linked in some way.

And, it’s completely fine to link between content in different categories with one caveat – the internal link has to logically make sense. If the link doesn’t make sense, don’t add it.

Just don’t forget that SEO is one part of the marketing puzzle. It’s not the only thing that matters. The experience you provide to your visitors matters too.

In the case of Blogging Wizard, we have high priority content that addresses a lot of the core challenge our audience faces. We make these very easy to get to on our homepage:

We have other priority content but adding more to this section can have a detrimental effect to UX. So we include links to important content in our footer as well:

A few notes on the above:

• A logical, and simple site structure is better for both users and search engines. Don’t over complicate things if you don’t have to.
• Consider the needs of your business and the needs of your audience when planning your site structure.
• Depending on the type of website, you may have to tweak existing methodologies in order to fit with your needs (e.g. flat vs silo). There isn’t a “one glove fits all” approach to site structure.
• In reality, the structure of your content could look very different to the diagrams above and that’s ok. Try not to overthink this.
• As a rule of thumb, only add internal links to your site when they make sense. Not because a diagram says you should (or shouldn’t).

4.4 – Mobile optimization

Ensuring your site is optimized for mobile devices is no longer an option.

Google says over 50% of search queries (globally) come from mobile devices. And that makes sense considering52% of internet traffic comes from mobile devices.

Secondly, Google has launched itsmobile-first indexing, which means they will now index the mobile version of your site rather than the desktop version to “better help their (primarily mobile) users find what they’re looking for.”

Bottom line:you need to ensure your site is mobile-friendly.

You can use Google’sMobile-Friendly Testto check if your pages are optimized.

Just enter your page URL:

And check the results:

You can also check your whole site using themobile usability reportin the Google Search Console:

4.5 – Schema markup

Schema markup, orstructured data markupas Google calls it, is the language or vocabulary that makes it easier for search engines to understand the context and structure of your content.

The result for users is that we can seerich snippetslike these in search results:

Aside from producing good-looking search results, you’re more likely to getpeople clicking throughto your website when you use structured data markup.

There are manydifferent types of schema markupincluding:

• Articles
• Book Reviews
• Events
• Films
• Job postings
• Local businesses
• Products
• Restaurants
• Software Applications
• TV episodes and ratings

Note:You can learn more abouthow to add schema markupto your WordPress site in this tutorial. Or read ourguide to rich snippets.

4.6 – Local SEO

If you have a local business like a shop or cafe, or even a local service-based business like a dentist or a taxi firm, then you’ll want to take advantage of local SEO. It’s a way of targeting the local community that you serve.

For example, when I search for an ‘electrician in Manchester’, then Google shows the top 3 results with a map, website, directions, opening hours, and telephone number:

That’s the kind of results you can get when you optimize for local SEO.

There are many factors to Local SEO, summed up here byMatthew Barby:

• Get yourGoogle My Businesspage set up.
• Optimize all of your landing pages with local keyword data.
• 确保你的小睡清单保持一致the web.
• Generate genuine reviews from your customers on Google and Yelp.
• Optimize your search engine snippets.
• Focus on localized link building.

From a technical perspective, you can use the schema markup language (as mentioned in the previous section) to structure your pages for local SEO.

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Chapter 5 – On-page SEO

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to optimize each page. By doing so, you’ll provide a positive user experience for your visitors and help search engines understand your content. We’ll cover three areas:

1. Keywords
2. Content
3. Images

5.1 -柯yword optimization

Earlier we talked about keyword research. When you write your content there are a few strategic places you need to include your target keyword:

• URL
• Page title
• Meta description
• Main heading (H1)
• Opening paragraphs of the page (first 150 words)
• Page subheadings (H2/H3 etc.)

Here’s a well-executed example by Colin Newcomer here on Blogging Wizard using the primary keyword‘CSS Hero’:

The first three places – URL, Title, and Description – are calledMeta Tagfields, and they appear in the search results:

URL

Colin uses the keyword at the beginning of the URL slug after the domain name://www.expoele.com/css-hero-review-and-tutorial/

Page title

关键字也开始页面标题:

CSS HeroReview: Edit Your WordPress Theme’s CSS Without …

Note:This is how Google cuts off the title in the search results because of the character limit.

Meta description

When you check the search results, you’ll see the keyword in his Description as well:

“Want to edit your WordPress theme’s CSS without learning how to code? Well, you can. Learn how in ourCSS Heroreview and tutorial…”

接下来的三个地方,标题,段落, and Subheadings – all appear on the webpage.

Main heading (H1)

But for the main heading, Colin flips the title around and places the keyword at the end:

Edit Your WordPress Theme’s CSS Without Learning How To Code UsingCSS Hero

Opening paragraphs of the page (first 100 words)

In the final line of his introduction, Colin references the keyword:

“…CSS Herois a WordPress plugin that solves both those pain points.”

Page subheadings (H2/H3 etc.)

There are several subheadings throughout the page that contain the target keyword:

HowCSS Heroworks (at a high level)

How to useCSS Heroto customize your WordPress theme

Going more advanced with theCSS Herointerface

Three specific things you’ll like aboutCSS Hero

When you write naturally, you’ll find your keyword fits into these places without thinking about it.

That said, you can useon-page SEO softwareto make the process much faster.

5.2 – Content optimization

If you want to increase your chances of ranking higher in the search results, then you need to produce the best content possible for each topic you cover.

5.2.1 – Content type

People are fascinated with lists and data-driven graphics.

Research by BuzzSumo in 2014 – published onOkDork– showed that infographics and list posts received more shares than other types of content:

But things change…

Buzzsumo researchof a million articles published in 2017 shows that some types of content perform better than others:

The big winners are sites that have built a strong reputation fororiginal, authoritative content. The majority of content gets zero backlinks, butauthoritative research and reference contentcontinues to gain links. In particular,authoritative evergreen contentconsistently gains shares and links over time.

In short, if you want successful content:

• Research your content – use surveys.
• Include case studies with real-life examples.
• Make it evergreen so that it remains relevant.

5.2.2 – Content length

Several studies have concluded that longer content helps you:

(a) Get moresocial shares:

(b)Rank higherin search results:

One thing to note is thatcontent lengthvaries in different industries and niches. For example, the average blog post for the ‘Manufacturing Industry’ is 1700 – 1900 words compared to the ‘Home and Garden’ niche which averages 1100 – 1200 words.

So how long should your content be? Well, the short answer is that it needs to be as long as required.

Note:It’s critical to consider that correlation doesn’t always equal causation. Long-form content will rank better, typically when the search term requires long-form content to answer the query. But, there are plenty of queries that rank short-form content because they satisfy the intent of the person searching.

5.2.3 – Content quality

Your primary objective is to produce engaging content.

Research into two of Google’s algorithms –HummingbirdandRankBrain– revealed the type of content it favors:

Hummingbird: wants in-depth, comprehensive, and authoritative content:

Our data conclusively proves that top-ranked content doesn’t need a heavy backlink profile, let alone a specific keyword density. What top-ranked content has in common is that it’s deep, comprehensive and authoritative.

RankBrain: wants easy-to-read, helpful and comprehensive content:

However, when you write in-depth content, you’ll find that you tend to write longer content.

5.2.4 – Content layout

Most readersscan web pages, so you need to make your content easy to consume. Earlier we looked at the keyword optimization in Colin’s post on CSS Hero. You can look at it again to see how he structures his content in an easy-to-digest format.

Follow these steps:

1) Craft a winning headline

Make sure your content delivers what your headline promises. Follow the tips in thisguide.

2) Start with a short intro

Get to the point and explain what your readers can expect to gain from each piece of content on your site.

3) Use subheadings

Subheadings help with directions. They’re like signposts or markers in the road that lead your readers on a clear route. The headings tags (H1, H2, H3, etc.) provide a hierarchy that helps readers and Google understand the structure of your content.

4) Write in short paragraphs

Nobody wants to see a giant wall of text – it’s overwhelming. Help your visitors as they skim over your content with 2-3 sentence paragraphs.

5) Use bullet points

Highlight key points with bullet points (ordered or unordered) so that readers get your message.

6) Add visuals

Use relevant images, videos, screenshots, and diagrams. Research by theNielsen Groupsays:

Userspay attention to information-carrying imagesthat show content that’s relevant to the task at hand. And usersignore purely decorative imagesthat don’t add real content to the page.

Note:In recent years, new tools have emerged to assist with optimizing content for organic search. Tools likeFraseandSurfermake it easy to find exactly which phrases you should include in your content. Read our post oncontent optimization toolsto learn more.

5.3 – Image optimization

There are three steps to optimizing your images for search engines and improving the user experience:

Step 1 – Resize the image

Make your images the right size for your web pages. Too often, people use a photo from their camera or a stock photo from a site likeUnsplashthat still has the original dimensions. For example, this photo from my iPhone is 4032 x 3024 pixels:

That is enormous. Most images in a blog post only need to be a maximum of 800px wide. For instance, on my blog, I make sure the images are 600px wide, so they fit in with the theme and design.

Step 2 – Reduce the file size

Resizing a photo or an image to the correct dimensions automatically reduces its file size. For example, resizing the example photo above to 600 px wide reduces the file size from 1.4 MB to 82 KB:

But you can decrease the file size further when you use a tool likeTinyPNGorKraken. These programs can reduce file sizes by as much as 65% and help to make your page load and run faster:

Learn more in our comparison ofimage compression tools and plugins.

Step 3 – Add some Alt text

When you’ve resized and compressed your images, you can upload them to your website. But there’s one remaining step – always add a meaningful description to the Alt Text on your images.

The Alt Text helps visually impaired readers understand what the image relates to, and it also helps search engines index your images:

Bonus Tip:For your main featured image, include your keyword in the Alt Text.

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Chapter 6 – Off-Page SEO

In this chapter, you’ll learn about the tactics you can employ away from your website that’ll have a positive impact on search rankings.

You’ll benefit by building your brand and establishing your authority as more people get toknow, like, and trust you. And as a result, you’ll start acquiring more backlinks to your site.

Note:最好的方法线下SEO是brand building’ mentality, rather than a ‘link building’ mentality. Brands are memorable and will eventually earn more links naturally. Some of these tactics don’t have a direct impact on your rankings but they will increase your reach in general, making it easier for you to earn links naturally. And, they may lead to other opportunities that do directly impact your rankings. Take every possible opportunity to get your content in front of more people.

6.1 – Guest appearances

Making guest appearances using different media is a powerful way to promote your content and build your brand.

6.1.1 – Guest blogging

客人博客仍是最有效的ways to promote your blog and build backlinks.

But you need to approach this in the right way. And that means writing your best content on relevant and respected sites in your niche or industry with a large number of followers.

Make sure you include a link in your author bio to a landing page on your site where visitors can get an exclusive download or find more about your services:

If possible, include a link back to relevant content on your site, too. Hopefully, you’ll get a steady stream of traffic to your website along with new subscribers.

6.1.2 – Guest podcasting

Instead of guest posting, you could try guest podcasting. I’ve been fortunate enough to be invited onto a few podcasts, but there’s no harm in approaching a podcaster and asking if you could be interviewed. It’s a different way of promoting your content to another audience.

And, in many cases you’ll end up with a link to your website regardless.

If you’d like to learn more, check out our roundup ofpodcasting stats.

6.1.3 – Guest broadcasting

Why not take your guest appearances one step further with a live or recorded video interview. More and more online marketers are using video broadcasts to reach their audience, so if you’re up for it, then put yourself in front of the camera.

6.1.4 – Contributing to expert roundups

As you become known in your niche, you’ll probably get an invitation or two to contribute to an Expert Roundup. Thesetypes of postscan help establish your authority and attract new visitors to your site. Instead of writing a complete blog post you’ll share a few paragraphs on the chosen topic. Again, this is a useful way to get backlinks to your site and gain more exposure.

6.2 – Building relationships

Building relationships with people in your niche or industry are key to your online success – especially with SEO. But like any successful relationship, you have to be prepared to give and take.

Jason Quey, writing about his experience of working with1000 influencers, summed it up perfectly:

Be a giver, not a taker.

Here are three ways to leverage your relationships:

6.2.1 – Blogger outreach

Blogger outreach is where you contact other bloggers and ask them to promote a blog post that you’ve written. It’s one of the most effective ways to promote your content, but make sure youconduct your outreach properly.

6.2.2 – Influencer marketing

Influencer marketinginvolves connecting with and asking individuals that influence your target audience to help promote your content. These influencers have a larger audience than you and can reach more people.

Here are three ways you can use influencers to promote your content:

• Mention influencers in your content; e.g. when you reference their work.
• Interview an influential blogger; e.g. get some unique content.
• Invite influential bloggers to contribute to your blog; e.g. in a group interview.

6.2.3 – Blog commenting

Commenting on blogs is still a viable way to attract attention and build authority. But make sure you leave a useful comment that encourages conversation and adds value. When you start commenting on the top blogs in your niche, you’ll get the attention of other commenters and the blog owner. And in the process, you’ll build more relationships.

Note:To be clear, we are not advocating blog commenting as a link building tactic. What we are advocating is that you use blog comments to build relationships. It’s these relationships that can lead to opportunities that will grow your brand,acquire backlinks, and more.

6.3 – Email marketing

Email marketing remains one of the most powerful and cost-effective ways to promote your content. The average ROI for email campaigns is£38 for every £1in the UK and$44 for every $1in the US.

It also happens to be40x more effective than social media.

Here are three ways to use email marketing:

6.3.1 – Email your subscribers

Your subscribers are those most interested in your content. They’ve already acknowledged that they like your style and that they want to hear about more. So, let them know when you publish new content, and ask them to spread the word to their network.

6.3.2 – Email influencers

If you’ve mentioned an influencer in a blog post, then don’t forget to email them and let them know. Thank them for their expertise and, if they like it, ask them to share the post with their network.

6.3.3 – Use an email signature

An easy way to promote your content is to include a link to your latest blog post in your email signature. TryWiseStampfor a professional email signature with links to your social profiles and most recent blog post:

6.4 – Social media marketing

Sharing your content on social media is still an excellent way to get more visibility, and ultimately increase traffic and shares. But you need to have asocial media marketing strategyin place:

• Focus on the most relevant social networks for your blog.
• Engage with people on those platforms including influencers and brands.
• 参与social groups to grow your social media reach.

Here are some of the best places to share your content:

6.4.1 – Popular social networks

Organic reach on the popular social platforms is declining. So choose the networks that work best for you and share content consistently.

6.4.2 – Reciprocal sharing sites

Sites likeViral Content Beeallow you to earn ‘credits’ for sharing other people’s content, which, in turn, allows you to post your content and get it shared by others.

6.4.3 – Popular social bookmarking sites

Sites likeReddit,Flipboard, andDiggallow you to post your favorite stories, images, and videos. Other users can take these ‘bookmarks’ and add them to their collection or share them with even more users. These type of sites usually have a voting system so members can ‘upvote’ their favorite posts. The more votes you get, the more exposure your content gets.

6.4.4 – Niche social bookmarking sites

As well as the popular mainstream sites there are numerous niche bookmarking sites. Find a site in your niche to get more shares and engagement. Here are a handful of examples to get you started:

• Filmwatch(Films)
• N4G(Gaming)
• Techspy(Technology)
• 11×2(Sport)

6.4.5 – Social groups, communities, and forums

Get involved with online communities like Quora where you can contribute to discussions and establish your authority. These places are not for dropping links to your latest post, but you can include a link in your bio.

Pro Tip:Look for established groups that are active and have good moderation.

6.5 – Paid advertising

Paid advertising is a valid alternative to the free methods listed above. You can reach a broader audience in a quicker time if you use the right tools and strategies.

Here are three forms of paid advertising to consider:

6.5.1 – Social media advertising

As social media organic reach declines, spending on paid advertising increases, withresearcherspredicting it will rise to $31 million by 2019. If you want toadvertise your content on social media, it’s essential to choose the best platform for your niche, so that you get a decent return on your investment.

Each social media platform has different demographics and advertising formats:

• Video Ads on Facebook
• Carousel Ads on Instagram
• Promoted Pins on Pinterest
• Promoted Tweets on Twitter
• Sponsored Content on LinkedIn

Aside from the main networks, you might want to consider alternatives likeQuuu PromoteorReddit.

6.5.2 – Native advertising

Native advertising is another form of paid advertising – made popular with Content Discovery Platforms likeTaboolaandOutbrain– that place adverts at the end of an article. They’re designed to blend into the publisher’s site and usually appear as “You May Like”, “Recommended For You” or “Promoted Stories”. Here’s how a Blogging Wizard post might look via Outbrain:

6.5.3 – Search advertising

Search advertising – also known as PPC (Pay-Per-Click) advertising – places adverts at the top of the search results pages denoted with an‘Ad’icon:

You pay a small fee every time somebody clicks on your ad. The cost varies on the popularity or demand of the keyword you’re targeting.

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Chapter 7 – Measuring and tracking SEO

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to measure and track your SEO performance.

7.1 – Google Search Console

Google Search Console is a good starting place, and recently it’s had a facelift with improved visual reports.

In thePerformancesection you can get an overall performance for a given period:

• Impressions– How many times a user saw a link to your site in search results.
• Clicks – How many times a user clicked through to your website.
• CTR– The percentage of impressions that resulted in a click.
• Average position– The average position of your site when it appeared in search results. (Not such a good measure because you can have both high and low results).

Next, you can look at specific results for:

• Queries– Search queries matching your keywords.
• Pages– Best-performing pages by clicks and impressions.
• Countries– The location of your traffic.
• Devices– View the proportion of traffic by desktop, tablet, and mobile.
• 搜索的外表(not always present) – Shows results for special pages like AMP, Rich Snippets, etc.

You can filter, sort, and download (CSV file) these results for further analysis.

7.2 – Google Analytics

Google Analyticsis the most popularweb analytics tool. It’s packed with data and metrics to help you understand how your website is performing.

As you work your way through the different views, you’ll come across three main metrics:

1) Acquisition

The acquisition metrics are useful for showing you what channels, pages, and keywords are attracting the most visitors to your site. Then you can compare how many are new visitors or returning visitors.

• Sessions – The number of times when users are active on your site.
• New sessions – The number of new users compared to returning users.
• New users – The number of users coming to your site for the first time.

2) Behavior

The behavior metrics show you how users are reacting to different pages or keywords on your site. You can work out which pages are more popular and which need attention.

• Bounce Rate – The percentage of users leaving your site after a single page view.
• Pages / Session – The average number of pages a user views each session.
• Average Session Duration – The average time users spend on your site per visit.

3) Conversions

If you’ve created any goals then the conversion metrics show which and where they convert best. You can create goals in Google Analytics to track events such as newsletter subscribers, contact form submissions, and content downloads.

• Goal Conversion Rate – The percentage of conversions per channel.
• Goal Completions – The total number of conversions.
• Goal Value – The value of each conversion.

Let’s take a look at where your website visitors are coming from and what keywords and pages brought them.

7.2.1 – Traffic sources

In Google Analytics, you can navigate toAcquisition > All Traffic > Channelsto see where your traffic comes from:

Here’s a brief overview of the different channels:

• Organic Search– Traffic from search engines; e.g. Google and Bing.
• Direct– Traffic without a traceable referral source; e.g. users typing your URL into their address bar or using a bookmark from their browser.
• Social– Traffic from a social network; e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.
• Referral– Traffic from another website; e.g. users clicking on a link in a guest post.
• Other– Traffic from other sources where the UTM_Medium parameter is incorrect.
• Paid Search– Traffic from a paid search advert; e.g. Google Ads.
• Email– Traffic from your email marketing campaigns; e.g. clicking a link in your newsletter.

Note:Traffic ends up in these various channels according to theserules. Check out thisarticlefor a better understanding of channels.

7.2.2 – UTM tracking

To help improve the accuracy of your traffic sources, you need to addtracking parameterson all the links you can control.

UTM values show you:

• Source– Where the traffic is coming from; e.g. Newsletter, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
• Medium– How the traffic is coming to your website; e.g. email, social media, etc.
• Campaign– Why the traffic is coming to your website; e.g. the campaign date, special event, product launch, etc.

UTM values are the strings of text that start with a‘?’after the primary URL address. For example, a UTM-tagged URL might look like this:

//www.expoele.com/css-hero-review-and-tutorial/？utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=26-09-2018

Anyone clicking the example link above sends additional information to Google Analytics, so it knows that you arrived at the website page – CSS Hero Review and Tutorial – from the email newsletter campaign dated 26 September 2018.

There are two places where you can find the UTM information within your Google Analytics dashboard:

1) Acquisition > All Traffic > Source/Medium:

2) Acquisition > Campaigns > All Campaigns:

You can select from the three main UTM values –Source, Medium, Campaign– via the Primary Dimension.

7.2.3 – Keyword tracking

You can also track the performance of yourOrganic(非)and, if used,Paid(search)Keywords.

1) Acquisition > Campaigns > Organic Keywords:

The default primary dimension is‘Keyword’,but you can also click on‘Landing Page’to see which pages perform best and attract the most traffic.

7.3 – Rank tracking

When you’ve researched keywords and incorporated them into your content, you’ll want to see how they’re performing. And the best way to do that is with a dedicated rank tracking tool.

Rank tracking tools allow you to track positional changes on a daily or weekly basis, compare your performance with competitors, monitor country or regional differences.

Recommended online rank tracking tools you could try are:

• SEMrush
• SERPWatcher
• SE Ranking

Check out our comparison of onlinerank tracking toolsto suit all budgets.

And, if you have clients, be sure to check out our roundup ofSEO reporting software– many of these include rank tracking functionality.

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Conclusion

That’s the end of our guide.

Now you know SEO is not so bad after all.

So, take your time and digest what you’ve learned in this post. Then, it’s time to start implementing what you have learned.

If you’d like to learn more about the current state of SEO, I’d recommend reading our post onSEO statistics.

Appendix/Glossary:
Google Webmaster Tools
Bing Webmaster Tools

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